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1 zinc soap
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > zinc soap
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2 zinc soap
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3 zinc soap
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4 zinc soap
s.jabón de cinc. -
5 zinc
1. n хим. цинкamalgamated zinc — цинк, полученный методом амальгамации
2. n цинковая пластина3. v метал. оцинковывать -
6 plant
1) завод; фабрика; предприятие2) установка; агрегат3) электрическая станция, электростанция, ЭС (см. тж
station)4) энергоблок5) цех; отделение; мастерская6) установка сейсмоприёмника в грунте || устанавливать сейсмоприёмник в грунт•-
absorption plant
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absorption refrigerating plant
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accumulator plant
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acetylene compressing plant
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acid recovery acid restoring plant
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acid recovery plant
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adsorption plant
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aerodrome accumulator plant
-
agglomeration plant
-
air separation plant
-
air-cooled refrigerating plant
-
aircraft development plant
-
aircraft manufacturing plant
-
aircraft overhaul plant
-
aircraft plant
-
aircraft washing plant
-
air-storage gas turbine plant
-
air-storage power plant
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alkylation plant
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A-plant
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arc-furnace plant
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arc-welding plant
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asphalt plant
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assembly plant
-
atomic marine plant
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atomic power plant
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automatic flour handling plant
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auto-shredding plant
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auxiliary gas turbine power plant
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back-pressure heat generation plant
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bakery plant
-
baling plant
-
basic arc-furnace plant
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basic slag-grinding plant
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batching plant
-
batch-weighing plant
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Bessemer plant
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biogas producing plant
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blackout plant
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blast-furnace plant
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blending plant
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bob-tail plant
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boiler plant
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bow-type plant
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box plant
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bread-making plant
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breaking plant
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brick-making plant
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brine refrigerating plant
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bulk plant
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butter-making plant
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by-product coke plant
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by-product recovery plant
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by-products plant
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can-making plant
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canning plant
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captive plant
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car assembly plant
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carbon dioxide refrigerating plant
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carbon plant
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car-repair plant
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casinghead gasoline plant
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casting plant
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CDQ plant
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cell plant
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centralized photovoltaic power plant
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central-mixing plant
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centrifugal refrigerating plant
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centrifuge isotope separation plant
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charge preparation plant
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cheese-making plant
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chemical desalting plant
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chemical separation plant
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circulation degassing plant
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clarification plant
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clay-drying plant
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closed-cycle cryogenic plant
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coal gasification-gas cleaning plant
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coal-cleaning plant
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coal-conveying plant
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coal-fired plant
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coal-injection plant
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coal-liquefaction plant
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coal-preparation plant
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coal-pulverizing plant
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coal-reduction plant
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coal-to-methanol plant
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coal-washing plant
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cogeneration plant
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coke dry-quenching plant
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coke-handling plant
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coke-pitch plant
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coke-quenching plant
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coking plant
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combination topping and cracking plant
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combined heat power plant
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combined photovoltaic-deolian electric plant
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combined-cycle plant
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combined-cycle steam plant
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combiner plant
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compressor plant
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concentration plant
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concrete product plant
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concrete-mixing plant
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concreting plant
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condensate liquid recovery plant
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condensate purification plant
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condensing plant
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confectionary producing plant
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confectionary plant
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constant-head plant
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contactor centrifuge acid treating plant
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continuous-casting plant
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conventional power plant
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converter plant
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cooling plant
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copper-smelting plant
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countercurrent ion exchange plant
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CR plant
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crushing plant
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cryogenic freezing plant
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cryogenic power generation plant
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crystal drawing plant
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cutting and shearing plant
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cycle-degassing plant
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cycling plant
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deaerating plant
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degreasing plant
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dendro-thermal power plant
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desalting plant
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desinfection plant
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detinning plant
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dewatering plant
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diesel engine power plant
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direct-expansion refrigerating plant
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disposal plant
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distilling plant
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district-heating plant
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diversion plant
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double-strand plant
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drainage pumping plant
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drop-hammer plant
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dry-process plant
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dual-purpose turbine plant
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dust extraction plant
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dust handling plant
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earth-freezing plant
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earth-moving plant
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EBM plant
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EBR plant
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ECM plant
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edible fat plant
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EDR plant
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effluent treatment plant
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eight-strand plant
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ejector refrigerating plant
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electric pig-iron plant
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electric power plant
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electrical propulsion plant
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electricity distribution plant
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electrochemical machining plant
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electrodialysis plant
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electrodialysis reversal plant
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electrolytic tinning plant
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electron-beam-melting plant
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electron-beam-refining plant
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electrostatic precipitation desalting plant
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engineering plant
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evaporation plant
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extraction plant
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extra-terrestrial power plant
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fabric-dipping plant
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feed milling
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fermentation plant
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filter plant
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finishing plant
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fish processing plant
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fission power plant
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fixed plant
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fixed-head power plant
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flexible manufacturing plant
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flexing generating plant
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floating nuclear power plant
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floating pile-driving plant
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floating power plant
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flotation plant
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flour milling plant
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folding carton plant
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food concentrate plant
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force ventilation plant
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formcoke plant
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fossil-fuel plant
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fractional horsepower refrigerating plant
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fractional ton refrigerating plant
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fragmentation plant
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freezing plant
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fruit-and-vegetable processing plant
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fuel-pulverizing plant
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full-fashioned sweater plant
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full-scale plant
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fume-cleaning plant
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fume-extraction plant
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furniture plant
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fusion power plant
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galvanizing plant
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gas absorption plant
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gas fire extinguishing plant
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gas fractionation plant
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gas liquids plant
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gas plant
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gas turbine power plant
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gas turbine plant
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gas-and-oil-buming power plant
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gas-carburizing plant
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gas-cleaning plant
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gas-compressor plant
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gaseous-diffusion plant
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gas-fired plant
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gas-generator plant
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gasification-based combined cycle plant
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gasifier-combined cycle plant
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gasoline plant
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gas-producer plant
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gas-treating plant
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gas-washing plant
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generating plant
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geothermal power plant
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glass-manufacturing plant
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glass-recycling plant
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grading plant
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graphite plant
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graphite recovery plant
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grease plant
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hardening plant
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H-cycle plant
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heat power plant
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heat pump plant
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heat raising plant
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heat-electric generating plant
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heating and power plant
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heating network plant
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heating plant
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heating-water converter plant
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heavy-water plant
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high-capacity refrigerating plant
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high-head power plant
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H-iron plant
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hot dip filming plant
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hot water peaking boiler plant
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hybrid wind-photovoltaic plant
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hydroelectric power plant
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hydroelectric plant
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hydroelectric pumped storage power plant
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hydro-photovoltaic plant
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ice plant
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incinerator plant
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indicator plant
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industrial power plant
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industrial steam plant
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industrial waste treatment plant
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industrial-scale plant
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in-house printing plant
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intake plant
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integral coal gasification combined cycle plant
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integrated steel plant
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interlocking plant
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intermediate solar plant
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internal combustion power plant
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ion-exchange plant
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ion-exchange softening plant
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iron powder plant
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iron-ore pelletizing plant
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isolated generating plant
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isotope separation plant
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jobbing plant
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Kaldo-steelmaking plant
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Kaldo plant
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killing plant
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laboratory-scale plant
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ladle degassing plant
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ladle-spraying plant
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LD plant
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LDAC oxygen-steelmaking plant
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light plant
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liquefied natural gas plant
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liquefied petroleum gas plant
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liquid freezing plant
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liquor plant
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loading plant
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local plant
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locomobile power plant
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locomotive repair plant
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loop plant
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low-capacity refrigerating plant
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low-head power plant
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lube plant
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machine tool plant
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magnetohydrodynamic power plant
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main propulsion machinery plant
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marine reactor plant
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marine refrigerating plant
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meat packing plant
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meat producing plant
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mechanical air-conditioning plant
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mechanical drive gas turbine plant
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mechanical refrigerating plant
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medium-head power plant
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merchant-coke plant
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metals-recovery plant
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MHD power plant
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midget power plant
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milk plant
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milling plant
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mine-mouth power plant
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mixed pumped-storage plant
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mixing plant
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mobile power plant
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mold degassing plant
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mold hydraulic cleaning plant
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mortar-mixing plant
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muck-shifting plant
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mud-mixing plant
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multiple-unit power plant
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multipurpose sea-water desalination plant
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multistrand plant
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multiunit power plant
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naphtha-treating plant
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natural gasoline plant
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natural gas-sweetening plant
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noncondensing power plant
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nonintegrated steel plant
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nonterrestrial power plant
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nuclear cogeneration plant
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nuclear gas turbine plant
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nuclear heating plant
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nuclear power plant
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nuclear steam power plant
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oil shale retorting plant
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oil-and-gas gathering plant
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oil-burning power plant
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oil-desulfurization plant
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oil-extraction plant
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oil-fired plant
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oil-reclamation plant
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oil-treating plant
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on-line gas plant
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open-coil annealing plant
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open-cycle gas turbine plant
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open-hearth plant
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orbital power plant
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orbital solar power plant
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ore-bedding plant
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ore-blending plant
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ore-breaker plant
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ore-conditioning plant
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ore-dressing plant
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ore-roasting plant
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ore-washing plant
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outdoor-type power plant
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oxidizing plant
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oxygen-converter plant
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ozone plant
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packaged power plant
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packaged refrigerating plant
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packing plant
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paint varnish and lacquer plant
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pallet conveyor mold-type plant
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paperboard plant
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peaking power plant
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peaking boiler plant
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peak-shaving liquefied natural gas plant
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pellet plant
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petroleum chemical plant
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photovoltaic power plant
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physical plant
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pickling plant
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pig-casting plant
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pilot plant
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plating plant
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plywood manufacturing plant
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polymerization plant
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pontoon pile-driving plant
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power plant
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preserving plant
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printing plant
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process gas turbine plant
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processing plant
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Prolerizing plant
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propulsion plant
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public utility power plant
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public-service power plant
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pulverized-coal-fired plant
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pulverizing plant
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pump plant
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pumped-storage plant
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pumping plant
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pumping-generating plant
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quick-freezing plant
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radiant freeze-drying plant
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ready-mix plant
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recovery plant
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reforming plant
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refrigerating plant
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refuse-fired plant
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regasifying plant
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regenerative gas turbine plant
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relift pumping plant
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rendering plant
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retreading plant
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reverse osmosis plant
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rolling plant
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route interlocking plant
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run-of-river plant
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sack filling plant
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salt plant
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sand-preparing plant
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satellite printing plant
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scrap-shredding plant
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screening plant
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sea-water desalting plant
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sedimentation plant
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self-contained rail welding plant
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self-contained refrigerating plant
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self-sufficient plant
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semiclosed-cycle gas turbine plant
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semiunderground plant
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separating plant
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sewage disposal plant
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simple-cycle gas turbine plant
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simulated power plant
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single-pool power plant
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single-strand plant
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single-unit plant
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sinking plant
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sintering plant
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sizing plant
-
skimming plant
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slab-producting plant
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slag-expanding plant
-
slag-screening plant
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slaughtering and meat processing plant
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slaughtering plant
-
sludge filtration plant
-
small-size refrigerating plant
-
smoke extractor plant
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soap plant
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solar ice plant
-
solar plant
-
solar power plant
-
solar tower plant
-
solvent-extraction plant
-
split-shaft gas turbine plant
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sputtering plant
-
stabilization plant
-
stand-alone solar power plant
-
standby plant
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stationary gas turbine plant
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stationary refrigerating plant
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steam condensing plant
-
steam plant
-
steam power plant
-
steam-electric-turbine plant
-
steaming plant
-
steel continuous casting plant
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steel plant
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storage plant
-
stream degassing plant
-
stripping plant
-
sugar refining plant
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sulfur recovery plant
-
sunken-type plant
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superposed plant
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supplementary fired combined cycle plant
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supplementary heating plant
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sweater knitting plant
-
tap-degassing plant
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tar-boiling plant
-
tea plant
-
television plant
-
tertiary plant
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thermal power plant
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thermal plant
-
thermodynamic solar power plant
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thermoelectric refrigerating plant
-
tidal power plant
-
tiger topping plant
-
tinning plant
-
tin-refining plant
-
tin-smelting plant
-
tonnage oxygen plant
-
top-blown oxygen vessel plant
-
topping plant
-
tower-type plant
-
train washing plant
-
transformer plant
-
trash-fired power plant
-
traveling pneumatic grain-discharging plant
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treatment plant
-
tritium removal plant
-
turbine plant
-
turbo-refrigerating plant
-
two-axes focusing solar plant
-
two-shaft plant
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ultrafiltration concentration plant
-
undercar power plant
-
underground nuclear power plant
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underwater nuclear power plant
-
unit refrigerating plant
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uranium enrichment plant
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vacuum casting plant
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vacuum degassing plant
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vacuum dezincing plant
-
vacuum gas turbine plant
-
vacuum metallothermic plant
-
vacuum molding plant
-
vacuum-decarburization plant
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variable-head power plant
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variable-load power plant
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vertical plant
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vulcanizing plant
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washing plant
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waste disposal plant
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waste-to-energy cogeneration plant
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waste-to-energy plant
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water demineralization plant
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water softening plant
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water treatment plant
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water-cooling plant
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waterpower plant
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wave energy plant
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wax plant
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wet-process plant
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wind-mill electric generating plant
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wire-drawing plant
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year-round air-conditioning plant
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zero-discharge plant
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zinc ore roasting plant
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zinc-smelting plant -
7 powder
1) порошок; метал. мука || измельчать в порошок2) пыль || покрывать(ся) пылью3) порох; взрывчатое вещество, ВВ; динамит4) посыпать порошком, опудривать; метал. припыливать5) пудра•-
airborne lime powder
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alloyed powder
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alloy powder
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anti-set-off powder
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baby powder
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black powder
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blasting powder
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bleaching powder
-
bone powder
-
bronze powder
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brown powder
-
bulk powder
-
burnishing powder
-
ceramic powder
-
compact powder
-
cork powder
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cover-coat powder
-
dentifrice powder
-
detergent powder
-
dry graded magnesite powder
-
dusting powder
-
emery powder
-
etching powder
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face powder
-
flame spray powder
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fluidized powder
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fluxing powder
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flux powder
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granular powder
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horn powder
-
ink powder
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iron powder
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liquid powder
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loose powder
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magnetic powder
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molding powder
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mortar powder
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parting powder
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peat powder
-
periodontal powder
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plastic powder
-
porcelain-enamel powder
-
pressed powder
-
priming powder
-
rock powder
-
sachet powder
-
shampoo powder
-
sintered powder
-
smokeless powder
-
soap powder
-
solder powder
-
starch powder
-
stone powder
-
subsieve powder
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superfine powder
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talcum powder
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tooth powder
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topping powder
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tripoli powder
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ultrafine powder
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welding powder
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zinc powder -
8 commercial
1) торговый
2) коммерческий
3) промысловый
4) промышленный
– commercial cargo
– commercial crop
– commercial deposit
– commercial frequency
– commercial fuel
– commercial gasoline
– commercial instrument
– commercial operation
– commercial paraffin
– commercial plant
– commercial printing
– commercial rubber
– commercial soap
– commercial tests
– commercial yield
– commercial zinc
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9 method
метод, способ @abridged spinning method сокращённый способ прядения @back-beaming method партионный способ сновки @back-filling method 1. способ изготовления ткани с добавочным утком (по изнанке); 2. способ односторонней отделки ткани с изнанки @bagging method of dyeing способ крашения трикотажа в сетчатом мешке @batch-type method партионный способ химического прядения и отделки @bisulphite method of wool bleaching бисульфитный метод отбелки мытой шерсти @boiling soap liquor method of delustreing способ матирования химического волокна кипящим раствором мыла @boiling water method of finishing метод термофиксации кипящей водой @bulking method метод получения высокообъёмной пряжи @capillary flow measuring method способ измерения вязкости по скорости течения через капилляр @charge measuring method метод измерения электростатических зарядов на волокне @chemacryl dyeing method фирм. способ крашения "кемакрил" (с добавкой в красильную ванну катанных и неионогенных поверхностноактивных веществ) @chemical wool-proofing method химический способ защитной обработки шерсти @chem-nyle dyeing method фирм. способ крашения "кемнайл" (найлонового волокна) @chrome bottom method of dyeing способ крашения с предварительным хромированием @chrome-in-bath method of dyeing 1. способ крашения (шерсти) монохромовыми или метахромовыми красителями с одновременным хромированием; 2. однованный способ крашения (шерсти) хромовыми красителями @combination method of wool washing комбинированный метод мойки шерсти (эмульсиями, растворителями и моющими средствами) @cork method of cross sectioning способ получения поперечных срезов волокна в пробке @count method метод счёта (волокон или нитей под микроскопом) @cut strip method метод определения разрывной прочности ткани @depilatory method депиляторный способ получения заводской шерсти химической обработкой (сульфатом натрия) @dip method of test метод испытания водоупорности ткани погружением @direct viscose preparation method однопроцессный способ производства вискозы @discharging method of printing вытравной метод печатания @dropping sphere method метод определения вязкости раствора падающим шариком @dry method of dyeing сухой способ крашения (с применением безводных растворителей красителя) @du Pont vat printing method способ печатания кубовыми красителями (с одновременным плюсованием гидросульфитом) @dyeing method with methylene blue метод окрашивания метиленовым голубым (для определения окислительного превращения целлюлозы в оксицеллюлозу) @emulsion sintering method of spinning способ прядения волокна из спёкшейся эмульсии (для высокоплавких полимеров) @false-twist crimping method способ производства извитой пряжи с применением ложной крутки @French sizing method французский метод шлихтования (шёлка и синтетического волокна) @grab method динамометрический метод "граб" (для определения разрывной нагрузки ткани) @Greenfield method однопроцессный способ Гринфильда (переработки жгута в штапельную ленту) @hand-drawing method of stapling ручной метод определения штапельной длины @hot oil method of dyeing проходной способ суспензионного крашения в горячем масле @jacketing method of heating способ обогрева с помощью нагревательной рубашки @lanatin method фирм. способ "ланатин" (применяющийся для придания шерстистости натужным и химическим волокнам) @Lodge and Evans method of silk dyeing способ Лоджа и Ивенса, применяющийся для крашения натурального шёлка сернистыми красителями @mangling method of hydroextraction способ обезвоживания (ткани) отжимом на каландре @Marhen vat controlling method метод Мархена для контроля и регулирования процесса кубового крашения @microfusion method of identification микроплавкий способ идентификации полимеров и химического волокна (по температуре плавления с применением поляризационного микроскопа) @milling method of engraving молетирный или накатный способ гравирования (печатных валов) @moisture correction method метод поправки на нормальную влажность @on-chrome method of dyeing метод крашения (шерсти) кислотно-протравными красителями с предварительным хромированием @pad method of vat dyeing метод суспензионного кубового крашения на плюсовке (в светлые тона) @padding method of vat dyeing способ крашения на плюсовке раствором лейкооснования кубового красителя @pad-dry heat method of dyeing способ крашения (синтетической ткани) на плюсовке с последующей сушкой и кратковременным нагреванием при высокой температуре @pad-jig method of vat dyeing метод суспензионного кубового крашения на плюсовке и роликовой красильной машине (в тёмные тона) @pantograph method of engraving пантографный способ гравирования (печатных валов) @photoengraving method фотохимический способ гравирования (.печатных валов) @photoetching method of engraving фотовытравной способ гравирования (печатных валов) @pigment-steam method of vat dyeing способ суспензионного кубового крашения с запаркой @pigment-steam method of vat printing способ печатания кубовыми красителями с запаркой @plastic-plate method of cross sectioning способ получения поперечных срезов волокна в пластмассе @polarized infra-red radiation method метод инфракрасной спектроскопии в поляризованном свете (для изучения строения полимеров и волокна) @pressure method of engraving молетирный или накатный способ гравирования (печатных валов) @radiant-heat method of finishing метод термофиксации тепловым излучением @raveled strip method метод определения разрывной прочности ткани @reduced chrome mordant method метод нанесения восстановленной хромовой протравы @reduced jig method of vat dyeing метод проходного кубового крашения раствором лейкооснования красителя @shaping method of water-proof test метод "кошелем" для испытания ткани на водонепроницаемость "кошелем" @skein method of tensile test динамометрический метод определения прочности пряжи в пасме @slop-pad method of vat printing двухфазный или двухпроцессный способ печатания кубовыми красителями @slurry method for steeping pulp шламовый способ мерсеризации целлюлозы @solvent extraction method of wool washing способ мойки шерсти растворителями @staining method with iron метод подцветки солями железа (для определения окислительного превращения целлюлозы в оксицеллюлозу) @staining method with zinc chloride-iodine метод подцветки раствором хлористого цинка с йодом (для определения степени мерсеризации хлопка) @steam autoclave method of finishing метод термофиксации паром в автоклаве под давлением @stretch breaking method of stapling способ штапелирования (жгута химического волокна) разрывом @strip method метод определения разрывной прочности ткани @suction method of hydroextraction способ обезвоживания (ткани) отсосом @thread method of tensile test динамометрический метод определения разрывной нагрузки одиночной нити @titriplex method фирм. метод "титриплекс" (применяющийся для измерения жесткости воды титрованием) @tongue method метод определения прочности ткани на раздирание @tow-to-yarn method of stapling одно-процессный способ изготовления штапельной пряжи из жгута @two-bath method двухванный метод (крашения) @two-phase method of vat printing двухфазный или двухпроцессный способ печатания кубовыми красителями @unreduced chrome mordant method метод нанесения невосстановленной хромовой протравы @velan method метод "велан", веланизация (придание ткани водоотталкивающих свойств) @W. I. R. A. method of shrunk finishing ферментный способ противоусадочной отделки (с применением протеолитического фермента папаина) @X-ray diffraction method метод дифракции рентгеновских лучей (для изучения строения полимеров и волокна) @ -
10 method
метод, способ @abridged spinning method сокращённый способ прядения @back-beaming method партионный способ сновки @back-filling method 1. способ изготовления ткани с добавочным утком (по изнанке); 2. способ односторонней отделки ткани с изнанки @bagging method of dyeing способ крашения трикотажа в сетчатом мешке @batch-type method партионный способ химического прядения и отделки @bisulphite method of wool bleaching бисульфитный метод отбелки мытой шерсти @boiling soap liquor method of delustreing способ матирования химического волокна кипящим раствором мыла @boiling water method of finishing метод термофиксации кипящей водой @bulking method метод получения высокообъёмной пряжи @capillary flow measuring method способ измерения вязкости по скорости течения через капилляр @charge measuring method метод измерения электростатических зарядов на волокне @chemacryl dyeing method фирм. способ крашения "кемакрил" (с добавкой в красильную ванну катанных и неионогенных поверхностноактивных веществ) @chemical wool-proofing method химический способ защитной обработки шерсти @chem-nyle dyeing method фирм. способ крашения "кемнайл" (найлонового волокна) @chrome bottom method of dyeing способ крашения с предварительным хромированием @chrome-in-bath method of dyeing 1. способ крашения (шерсти) монохромовыми или метахромовыми красителями с одновременным хромированием; 2. однованный способ крашения (шерсти) хромовыми красителями @combination method of wool washing комбинированный метод мойки шерсти (эмульсиями, растворителями и моющими средствами) @cork method of cross sectioning способ получения поперечных срезов волокна в пробке @count method метод счёта (волокон или нитей под микроскопом) @cut strip method метод определения разрывной прочности ткани @depilatory method депиляторный способ получения заводской шерсти химической обработкой (сульфатом натрия) @dip method of test метод испытания водоупорности ткани погружением @direct viscose preparation method однопроцессный способ производства вискозы @discharging method of printing вытравной метод печатания @dropping sphere method метод определения вязкости раствора падающим шариком @dry method of dyeing сухой способ крашения (с применением безводных растворителей красителя) @du Pont vat printing method способ печатания кубовыми красителями (с одновременным плюсованием гидросульфитом) @dyeing method with methylene blue метод окрашивания метиленовым голубым (для определения окислительного превращения целлюлозы в оксицеллюлозу) @emulsion sintering method of spinning способ прядения волокна из спёкшейся эмульсии (для высокоплавких полимеров) @false-twist crimping method способ производства извитой пряжи с применением ложной крутки @French sizing method французский метод шлихтования (шёлка и синтетического волокна) @grab method динамометрический метод "граб" (для определения разрывной нагрузки ткани) @Greenfield method однопроцессный способ Гринфильда (переработки жгута в штапельную ленту) @hand-drawing method of stapling ручной метод определения штапельной длины @hot oil method of dyeing проходной способ суспензионного крашения в горячем масле @jacketing method of heating способ обогрева с помощью нагревательной рубашки @lanatin method фирм. способ "ланатин" (применяющийся для придания шерстистости натужным и химическим волокнам) @Lodge and Evans method of silk dyeing способ Лоджа и Ивенса, применяющийся для крашения натурального шёлка сернистыми красителями @mangling method of hydroextraction способ обезвоживания (ткани) отжимом на каландре @Marhen vat controlling method метод Мархена для контроля и регулирования процесса кубового крашения @microfusion method of identification микроплавкий способ идентификации полимеров и химического волокна (по температуре плавления с применением поляризационного микроскопа) @milling method of engraving молетирный или накатный способ гравирования (печатных валов) @moisture correction method метод поправки на нормальную влажность @on-chrome method of dyeing метод крашения (шерсти) кислотно-протравными красителями с предварительным хромированием @pad method of vat dyeing метод суспензионного кубового крашения на плюсовке (в светлые тона) @padding method of vat dyeing способ крашения на плюсовке раствором лейкооснования кубового красителя @pad-dry heat method of dyeing способ крашения (синтетической ткани) на плюсовке с последующей сушкой и кратковременным нагреванием при высокой температуре @pad-jig method of vat dyeing метод суспензионного кубового крашения на плюсовке и роликовой красильной машине (в тёмные тона) @pantograph method of engraving пантографный способ гравирования (печатных валов) @photoengraving method фотохимический способ гравирования (.печатных валов) @photoetching method of engraving фотовытравной способ гравирования (печатных валов) @pigment-steam method of vat dyeing способ суспензионного кубового крашения с запаркой @pigment-steam method of vat printing способ печатания кубовыми красителями с запаркой @plastic-plate method of cross sectioning способ получения поперечных срезов волокна в пластмассе @polarized infra-red radiation method метод инфракрасной спектроскопии в поляризованном свете (для изучения строения полимеров и волокна) @pressure method of engraving молетирный или накатный способ гравирования (печатных валов) @radiant-heat method of finishing метод термофиксации тепловым излучением @raveled strip method метод определения разрывной прочности ткани @reduced chrome mordant method метод нанесения восстановленной хромовой протравы @reduced jig method of vat dyeing метод проходного кубового крашения раствором лейкооснования красителя @shaping method of water-proof test метод "кошелем" для испытания ткани на водонепроницаемость "кошелем" @skein method of tensile test динамометрический метод определения прочности пряжи в пасме @slop-pad method of vat printing двухфазный или двухпроцессный способ печатания кубовыми красителями @slurry method for steeping pulp шламовый способ мерсеризации целлюлозы @solvent extraction method of wool washing способ мойки шерсти растворителями @staining method with iron метод подцветки солями железа (для определения окислительного превращения целлюлозы в оксицеллюлозу) @staining method with zinc chloride-iodine метод подцветки раствором хлористого цинка с йодом (для определения степени мерсеризации хлопка) @steam autoclave method of finishing метод термофиксации паром в автоклаве под давлением @stretch breaking method of stapling способ штапелирования (жгута химического волокна) разрывом @strip method метод определения разрывной прочности ткани @suction method of hydroextraction способ обезвоживания (ткани) отсосом @thread method of tensile test динамометрический метод определения разрывной нагрузки одиночной нити @titriplex method фирм. метод "титриплекс" (применяющийся для измерения жесткости воды титрованием) @tongue method метод определения прочности ткани на раздирание @tow-to-yarn method of stapling одно-процессный способ изготовления штапельной пряжи из жгута @two-bath method двухванный метод (крашения) @two-phase method of vat printing двухфазный или двухпроцессный способ печатания кубовыми красителями @unreduced chrome mordant method метод нанесения невосстановленной хромовой протравы @velan method метод "велан", веланизация (придание ткани водоотталкивающих свойств) @W. I. R. A. method of shrunk finishing ферментный способ противоусадочной отделки (с применением протеолитического фермента папаина) @X-ray diffraction method метод дифракции рентгеновских лучей (для изучения строения полимеров и волокна) @ -
11 Senefelder, Alois
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 6 November 1771 Prague, Bohemia (now Czech Republic)d. 26 February 1834 Munich, Germany[br]German inventor of lithography.[br]Soon after his birth, Senefelder's family moved to Mannheim, where his father, an actor, had obtained a position in the state theatre. He was educated there, until he gained a scholarship to the university of Ingolstadt. The young Senefelder wanted to follow his father on to the stage, but the latter insisted that he study law. He nevertheless found time to write short pieces for the theatre. One of these, when he was 18 years old, was an encouraging success. When his father died in 1791, he gave up his studies and took to a new life as poet and actor. However, the wandering life of a repertory actor palled after two years and he settled for the more comfortable pursuit of playwriting. He had some of his work printed, which acquainted him with the art of printing, but he fell out with his bookseller. He therefore resolved to carry out his own printing, but he could not afford the equipment of a conventional letterpress printer. He began to explore other ways of printing and so set out on the path that was to lead to an entirely new method.He tried writing in reverse on a copper plate with some acid-resisting material and etching the plate, to leave a relief image that could then be inked and printed. He knew that oily substances would resist acid, but it required many experiments to arrive at a composition of wax, soap and charcoal dust dissolved in rainwater. The plates wore down with repeated polishing, so he substituted stone plates. He continued to etch them and managed to make good prints with them, but he went on to make the surprising discovery that etching was unnecessary. If the image to be printed was made with the oily composition and the stone moistened, he found that only the oily image received the ink while the moistened part rejected it. The printing surface was neither raised (as in letterpress printing) nor incised (as in intaglio printing): Senefelder had discovered the third method of printing.He arrived at a workable process over the years 1796 to 1799, and in 1800 he was granted an English patent. In the same year, lithography (or "writing on stone") was introduced into France and Senefelder himself took it to England, but it was some time before it became widespread; it was taken up by artists especially for high-quality printing of art works. Meanwhile, Senefelder improved his techniques, finding that other materials, even paper, could be used in place of stone. In fact, zinc plates were widely used from the 1820s, but the name "lithography" stuck. Although he won world renown and was honoured by most of the crowned heads of Europe, he never became rich because he dissipated his profits through restless experimenting.With the later application of the offset principle, initiated by Barclay, lithography has become the most widely used method of printing.[br]Bibliography1911, Alois Senefelder, Inventor of Lithography, trans. J.W.Muller, New York: Fuchs \& Line (Senefelder's autobiography).Further ReadingW.Weber, 1981, Alois Senefelder, Erfinder der Lithographie, Frankfurt-am-Main: Polygraph Verlag.M.Tyman, 1970, Lithography 1800–1950, London: Oxford University Press (describes the invention and its development; with biographical details).LRD
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